{"id":1760,"date":"2013-11-21T14:00:36","date_gmt":"2013-11-21T13:00:36","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.politicseastasia.com\/staging\/3558\/?p=1760"},"modified":"2013-11-21T14:30:13","modified_gmt":"2013-11-21T13:30:13","slug":"is-china-becoming-a-knowledge-economy","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.politicseastasia.com\/staging\/3558\/studying\/is-china-becoming-a-knowledge-economy\/","title":{"rendered":"Is China Becoming a Knowledge Economy?"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>A Discussion with Students at Leiden University and Rotterdam\u2019s School of Management<\/h2>\n<p>The lion&#8217;s share of China\u2019s economic growth has come from an expanding industry, from shifts in the labour market, and from a strong export-oriented economy. Yet the question remains whether China will be able to make the jump from middle-income to high-income country (World Bank 2012). The key to such a transition lies in the quality of Chinese technology and education. As an <a title=\"China Daily: Gearing up for knowledge economy\" href=\"http:\/\/www.chinadaily.com.cn\/opinion\/2012-09\/20\/content_15769848.htm\" target=\"_blank\">op-ed in the China Daily<\/a> recently stressed, China\u2019s future will hinge on the government\u2019s ability to create a \u201cknowledge economy\u201d. The <a title=\"BBC: Getting used to a slower pace of growth in China\" href=\"http:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/news\/22376391\" target=\"_blank\">BBC\u2019s Linda Yueh<\/a> has similarly argued that \u201cfor China to continue to grow, it needs to encourage technological innovation and human capital\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>Over the past years, the Chinese government has tried to improve its potential for research and education, creating <a title=\"People's Daily on innovation strategy for Chinese universities\" href=\"http:\/\/english.people.com.cn\/203691\/7812649.html\" target=\"_blank\">high-profile universities<\/a>, <a title=\"Rogers: Can China Build Its Own Silicon Valley?\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nbcnews.com\/id\/7915125\/#.Uo32R8Skpp0\" target=\"_blank\">technology parks<\/a>, and <a title=\"China Daily on Shanghai's creative industry\" href=\"http:\/\/www.chinadaily.com.cn\/bizchina\/2011-09\/27\/content_13798128.htm\" target=\"_blank\">creative clusters<\/a>. Meanwhile, books about innovators like Steve Jobs are <a title=\"Wall Street Journal: Steve Jobs Biography Flies off Chinese Bookshelves\" href=\"http:\/\/blogs.wsj.com\/scene\/2011\/10\/25\/steve-jobs-biography-flies-off-chinese-bookshelves\/\" target=\"_blank\">best-sellers in China<\/a>, where a new generation of university graduates is hoping to create the next great tech novelty.<\/p>\n<p>Some of the critics of China\u2019s knowledge economy point to the <a title=\"Business Week on Chinese Education\" href=\"http:\/\/www.businessweek.com\/articles\/2013-04-04\/chinese-education-the-truth-behind-the-boasts\" target=\"_blank\">staggering differences between education levels<\/a>, questioning whether the <a title=\"New York Times: Top Test Scores From Shanghai Stun Educators\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2010\/12\/07\/education\/07education.html?pagewanted=all\" target=\"_blank\">high praise that schools in Shanghai receive in international education tests<\/a>\u00a0are really representative of the country as a whole. Others look towards <a title=\"New York Times on China's Gaokao\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/07\/01\/world\/asia\/burden-of-chinas-college-entrance-test-sets-off-wide-debate.html\" target=\"_blank\">China&#8217;s university entrance exams<\/a>\u00a0and criticise not only the pressure that such tests put on young students but also the degree to which they reward specific learning strategies over critical, creative thinking. Then there are the many cases of <a title=\"ABC News on Chinese counterfeit products\" href=\"http:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/WNT\/story?id=130381\" target=\"_blank\">counterfeit products<\/a>\u00a0that are often presented as key examples of an economy supposedly lacking creativity.<\/p>\n<p>On the other hand, the situation may be far less gloomy than such reports make them out to be. For instance, the idea that <a title=\"Cracked: The 5 Most Insane Examples of Chinese Counterfeiting\" href=\"http:\/\/www.cracked.com\/article_19742_the-5-most-insane-examples-chinese-counterfeiting.html\" target=\"_blank\">counterfeiting is not creative has itself been questioned<\/a>: As Michael Keane (2013) has pointed out, creativity and innovation should not be collapsed into the same thing. Incremental innovation based on the designs of others can still be progressive. Similarly, the idea that Chinese students are trained merely in rote learning does not tell the full story: scores of young Chinese are graduating with advanced degrees from prestigious institutions both at home and abroad, leading commentators like <a title=\"Naughton: China is after our inventions? Who are we kidding?\" href=\"http:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/technology\/2013\/sep\/22\/west-chinese-hackers-hysteria-naughton\" target=\"_blank\">John Naughton from the Guardian<\/a> to argue that \u201cif China doesn&#8217;t become a technological innovator, it won&#8217;t be for lack of talent\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>What does it take to generate innovation? What kind of environment is needed to promote creativity? And is China\u2019s leadership setting the Chinese economy on the right track to become a knowledge economy? These are the questions we tackle in this week&#8217;s discussion on China&#8217;s science, technology, and education policies.<\/p>\n<h3>References<\/h3>\n<p>Keane, Michael (2013): <a title=\"Polity Press: Creative Industries in China\" href=\"https:\/\/www.polity.co.uk\/book.asp?ref=9780745661001\" target=\"_blank\"><em>Creative Industries in China: Art, Design and Media<\/em><\/a>. Cambridge: Polity Press.<\/p>\n<p>World Bank (2012):\u00a0<a title=\"World Bank 2012: China 2030 report (pdf)\" href=\"http:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/content\/dam\/Worldbank\/document\/China-2030-complete.pdf\" target=\"_blank\"><em>China 2030 \u2013 Building a Modern, Harmonious, and Creative High-Income Society<\/em><\/a>. Washington: The World Bank.<\/p>\n<p>Zhen, Ye (2008): &#8220;<a title=\"PDF: &quot;China's Creative Industries: Clusters and Performance&quot;\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ceauk.org.uk\/2008-conference-papers\/Zhen-Ye.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">China&#8217;s Creative Industries: Clusters and Performances<\/a>&#8220;, Working Paper, <em>Annual Conference of the Chinese Economist Association<\/em>, Cambridge UK.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>What does it take to generate innovation? What kind of environment is needed to promote creativity? And is China\u2019s leadership setting the Chinese economy on the right track to become a knowledge economy? These are the questions we tackle in this week&#8217;s discussion on China&#8217;s science, technology, and education policies.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1761,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"image","meta":{"nf_dc_page":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[46],"tags":[43,116,104,100,117,87],"class_list":["post-1760","post","type-post","status-publish","format-image","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-studying","tag-china","tag-creativity","tag-economy","tag-education","tag-growth","tag-technology","post_format-post-format-image"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Is China Becoming a Knowledge Economy? - Politics East Asia<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"What does it take to generate innovation, and is China\u2019s leadership setting the Chinese economy on the right track to become a knowledge economy?\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.politicseastasia.com\/staging\/3558\/studying\/is-china-becoming-a-knowledge-economy\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Is China Becoming a Knowledge Economy? - Politics East Asia\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"What does it take to generate innovation, and is China\u2019s leadership setting the Chinese economy on the right track to become a knowledge economy?\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.politicseastasia.com\/staging\/3558\/studying\/is-china-becoming-a-knowledge-economy\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Politics East Asia\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2013-11-21T13:00:36+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2013-11-21T13:30:13+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.politicseastasia.com\/staging\/3558\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/11\/creativity_950x480opt.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"950\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"480\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Florian Schneider\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Florian Schneider\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"2 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.politicseastasia.com\\\/staging\\\/3558\\\/studying\\\/is-china-becoming-a-knowledge-economy\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.politicseastasia.com\\\/staging\\\/3558\\\/studying\\\/is-china-becoming-a-knowledge-economy\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Florian Schneider\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.politicseastasia.com\\\/staging\\\/3558\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/a140bd5ce2c4c52fdeb2b628bc80a1bb\"},\"headline\":\"Is China Becoming a Knowledge Economy?\",\"datePublished\":\"2013-11-21T13:00:36+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2013-11-21T13:30:13+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.politicseastasia.com\\\/staging\\\/3558\\\/studying\\\/is-china-becoming-a-knowledge-economy\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":497,\"commentCount\":16,\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.politicseastasia.com\\\/staging\\\/3558\\\/studying\\\/is-china-becoming-a-knowledge-economy\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.politicseastasia.com\\\/staging\\\/3558\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2013\\\/11\\\/creativity_950x480opt.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"China\",\"creativity\",\"economy\",\"education\",\"growth\",\"technology\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Studying\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.politicseastasia.com\\\/staging\\\/3558\\\/studying\\\/is-china-becoming-a-knowledge-economy\\\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.politicseastasia.com\\\/staging\\\/3558\\\/studying\\\/is-china-becoming-a-knowledge-economy\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.politicseastasia.com\\\/staging\\\/3558\\\/studying\\\/is-china-becoming-a-knowledge-economy\\\/\",\"name\":\"Is China Becoming a Knowledge Economy? 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He is Professor of Modern China at Leiden University, editor of the journal Asiascape: Digital Asia, and academic director of the Leiden Asia Centre.\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.politicseastasia.com\\\/staging\\\/3558\\\/author\\\/schneiderfa\\\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Is China Becoming a Knowledge Economy? - Politics East Asia","description":"What does it take to generate innovation, and is China\u2019s leadership setting the Chinese economy on the right track to become a knowledge economy?","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/www.politicseastasia.com\/staging\/3558\/studying\/is-china-becoming-a-knowledge-economy\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Is China Becoming a Knowledge Economy? - Politics East Asia","og_description":"What does it take to generate innovation, and is China\u2019s leadership setting the Chinese economy on the right track to become a knowledge economy?","og_url":"https:\/\/www.politicseastasia.com\/staging\/3558\/studying\/is-china-becoming-a-knowledge-economy\/","og_site_name":"Politics East Asia","article_published_time":"2013-11-21T13:00:36+00:00","article_modified_time":"2013-11-21T13:30:13+00:00","og_image":[{"width":950,"height":480,"url":"https:\/\/www.politicseastasia.com\/staging\/3558\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/11\/creativity_950x480opt.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"Florian Schneider","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"Florian Schneider","Est. reading time":"2 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/www.politicseastasia.com\/staging\/3558\/studying\/is-china-becoming-a-knowledge-economy\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.politicseastasia.com\/staging\/3558\/studying\/is-china-becoming-a-knowledge-economy\/"},"author":{"name":"Florian Schneider","@id":"https:\/\/www.politicseastasia.com\/staging\/3558\/#\/schema\/person\/a140bd5ce2c4c52fdeb2b628bc80a1bb"},"headline":"Is China Becoming a Knowledge Economy?","datePublished":"2013-11-21T13:00:36+00:00","dateModified":"2013-11-21T13:30:13+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.politicseastasia.com\/staging\/3558\/studying\/is-china-becoming-a-knowledge-economy\/"},"wordCount":497,"commentCount":16,"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.politicseastasia.com\/staging\/3558\/studying\/is-china-becoming-a-knowledge-economy\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/www.politicseastasia.com\/staging\/3558\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/11\/creativity_950x480opt.jpg","keywords":["China","creativity","economy","education","growth","technology"],"articleSection":["Studying"],"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"CommentAction","name":"Comment","target":["https:\/\/www.politicseastasia.com\/staging\/3558\/studying\/is-china-becoming-a-knowledge-economy\/#respond"]}]},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/www.politicseastasia.com\/staging\/3558\/studying\/is-china-becoming-a-knowledge-economy\/","url":"https:\/\/www.politicseastasia.com\/staging\/3558\/studying\/is-china-becoming-a-knowledge-economy\/","name":"Is China Becoming a Knowledge Economy? 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